Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Isa Muhammad Abubakar; Abubakar Bala Madaki; Jamilu Labaran Ari; Ali Musa Kazzayo; Amina Abdullahi Saleh; Halima Nuhu Iliyasu; Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki; Ramatu Ibrahim

doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

2025, Vol: 11, Issue: 2

11 / 2Current Issue Online First Archive Aims and Scope Abstracting & Indexing Most Accessed Articles Most Downloaded Articles Most Cited Articles

« Previous Article

Original Research
Online Published: 02 Aug 2025

Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2025; 11(2): 28-38

doi: 10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria

Isa Muhammad Abubakar, Abubakar Bala Madaki, Jamilu Labaran Ari, Ali Musa Kazzayo, Amina Abdullahi Saleh, Halima Nuhu Iliyasu, Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki, Ramatu Ibrahim.

Abstract
Background:
Schistosomiasis and salmonellosis are significant public health concerns, with Schistosoma haematobium potentially facilitating Salmonella infection. Understanding their co-occurrence is crucial for disease control in endemic regions.

Aim:
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and co-infection of S. haematobium and Salmonella spp. among febrile patients in Doma, Nasarawa State, Nigeria.

Methods:
A total of 205 urine and 205 stool samples were collected from patients. Microscopy was used to detect S. haematobium eggs in urine, while Salmonella spp. were isolated from stool and urine samples using culture techniques. Statistical analysis assessed associations with demographics, risk factors, and symptoms.

Results:
Schistosoma haematobium was detected in 23 (11.2%) samples, with a higher prevalence in males (14.7%) than in females (8.1%), and the highest infection rate among ages 0 to 10 years (18.8%). The highest occurrence was in Ruttu (21.6%). Salmonella spp. were identified in 14 (6.8%) samples—12 (5.8%) from stool and 2 (0.9%) from urine, with Salmonella Typhi (50%) being the most common serotype. Only 4 (1.95%) stool samples were co-infected with S. haematobium and Salmonella, but no statistically significant association was found (p > 0.05). Schistosomiasis was significantly linked to hematuria, fever, and abdominal pain while swimming and fishing increased infection risk.

Conclusion:
Although urinary schistosomiasis and salmonellosis were present in the study population, no significant co-infection was observed. Awareness campaigns, improved water quality, and enhanced diagnostic tools are recommended to mitigate disease risks in endemic areas.

Key words: Schistosomiasis; Salmonellosis; haematobium; Infections; Awareness.

	ARTICLE TOOLS
	Abstract
	PDF Fulltext
	How to cite this article
	Citation Tools
	Related Records
	Articles by Isa Muhammad Abubakar Articles by Abubakar Bala Madaki Articles by Jamilu Labaran Ari Articles by Ali Musa Kazzayo Articles by Amina Abdullahi Saleh Articles by Halima Nuhu Iliyasu Articles by Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki Articles by Ramatu Ibrahim
	on Google
	on Google Scholar

How to Cite this Article

Pubmed Style

Abubakar IM, Madaki AB, Ari JL, Kazzayo AM, Saleh AA, Iliyasu HN, Madaki YS, Ibrahim R. Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2025; 11(2): 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Web Style

Abubakar IM, Madaki AB, Ari JL, Kazzayo AM, Saleh AA, Iliyasu HN, Madaki YS, Ibrahim R. Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. https://www.ijmsph.org/?mno=248393 [Access: October 10, 2025]. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Abubakar IM, Madaki AB, Ari JL, Kazzayo AM, Saleh AA, Iliyasu HN, Madaki YS, Ibrahim R. Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Med Sci Public Health. 2025; 11(2): 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Abubakar IM, Madaki AB, Ari JL, Kazzayo AM, Saleh AA, Iliyasu HN, Madaki YS, Ibrahim R. Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Med Sci Public Health. (2025), [cited October 10, 2025]; 11(2): 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Harvard Style

Abubakar, I. M., Madaki, . A. B., Ari, . J. L., Kazzayo, . A. M., Saleh, . A. A., Iliyasu, . H. N., Madaki, . Y. S. & Ibrahim, . R. (2025) Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. Int J Med Sci Public Health, 11 (2), 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Turabian Style

Abubakar, Isa Muhammad, Abubakar Bala Madaki, Jamilu Labaran Ari, Ali Musa Kazzayo, Amina Abdullahi Saleh, Halima Nuhu Iliyasu, Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki, and Ramatu Ibrahim. 2025. Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 11 (2), 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Chicago Style

Abubakar, Isa Muhammad, Abubakar Bala Madaki, Jamilu Labaran Ari, Ali Musa Kazzayo, Amina Abdullahi Saleh, Halima Nuhu Iliyasu, Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki, and Ramatu Ibrahim. "Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 11 (2025), 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Abubakar, Isa Muhammad, Abubakar Bala Madaki, Jamilu Labaran Ari, Ali Musa Kazzayo, Amina Abdullahi Saleh, Halima Nuhu Iliyasu, Yahaya Shamsudeen Madaki, and Ramatu Ibrahim. "Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria." International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health 11.2 (2025), 28-38. Print. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Abubakar, I. M., Madaki, . A. B., Ari, . J. L., Kazzayo, . A. M., Saleh, . A. A., Iliyasu, . H. N., Madaki, . Y. S. & Ibrahim, . R. (2025) Co-infection of Schistosoma haematobium and Salmonella species of febrile patients in Doma local government area, Nasarawa State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health, 11 (2), 28-38. doi:10.5455/ijmsph.2025.v11.i2.2

Author Login Reviewer Login About Publisher Editorial Policies Editorial Review Policy Peer Review Policy Editorial & Peer Review Process Publication Ethics and Publication Malpractice Statement Conflict of Interest Policy Plagiarism Policy Protection of Research Participants (Statement On Human And Animal Rights)Corrections, Retractions & Expressions of Concern Self-Archiving Policies Statement of Informed Consent Advertising Policy Terms of Use License Information Copyright Information

About International Journal of Medical Science and Public Health

Contact Information

How to cite this article